- C3
-
ISO envelope size 324 x
458mm.
- C4
-
ISO envelope size 229 x 324mm C5 ISO
envelope size 162 x 229mm.
- C6
-
ISO envelope size 114
x 162mm.
- C1S and C2S
-
Abbreviations for coated one
side and coated two sides.
- Calender
-
To make the
surface of paper smooth by pressing it between rollers during
manufacturing.
- Calliper
-
1. Thickness of paper or
other substrate expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils or points), pages per
inch (ppi), thousandths of a millimetre (microns) or pages per centimetre
(ppc).
-
2. Device on a sheet-fed press that detects double
sheets or on a binding machine that detects missing signatures or inserts.
- Camera-ready Copy (CRC)
-
Mechanicals, photographs and art
fully prepared for reproduction according to the technical requirements of the
printing process being used. *Also called finished art and reproduction copy.
*
- Canadian Binding
-
A wiro-bound book with a
wrapped-around cover.
- Carbonless Paper
-
Paper coated
with chemicals that enable transfer of images from one sheet to another with
pressure from writing or typing.
- Carton
-
Selling unit
of paper weighing approximately 150 pounds (60 kilos). A carton can contain
anywhere from 500 to 5,000 sheets, depending on the size of sheets and their
basis weight.
- Case
-
1. Covers and spine that, as a
unit, enclose the pages of a casebound book.
-
2. Term given to
appearance of alphabetical characters - capitalised characters are upper case,
non-capitalised are lower case.
- Case Bind
-
To bind
using glue to hold signatures to a case made of binder board covered with
fabric, plastic or leather. Also called cloth bind, edition bind, hard bind
and hard cover.
- Cast-coated Paper
-
High gloss,
coated paper made by pressing the paper against a polished, hot, metal drum
while the coating is still wet.
- Catalogue Paper
-
Coated paper with basis weight from 50 to 75 gsm commonly used for
catalogues and magazines.
- Catch up
-
Catch-up is a lithographic printing problem. It occurs when the printing
plate accepts ink in the non-image areas. This unwanted ink prints as
'scumming'. Adjustment of the dampening solution usually solves this problem.
Sometimes called dry-up.
- Certified PDF
-
A
certified PDF is one that has been created to a precise set of rules specified
by the printer. In the case of Parliamentary Press we generate such rules
(known as a profile) and give them to specific customers (Ofsted for example).
The customer creates the PDF against the profile. When we receive the PDF it
arrives with a 'flag' or tick which indicates that it meets our requirements
and will pass through the digital workflow with no problems.
- Chain Dot
-
1. Alternate term for elliptical dot, so called
because midtone dots touch at two points, so look like links in a chain.
-
2. Generic term for any midtone dots whose corners touch.
- Chain Lines
-
1. Widely spaced lines in laid paper.
-
2. Blemishes on printed images caused by tracking.
- Chalking
-
Deterioration of a printed image caused by ink that
absorbs into paper too fast or has long exposure to sun and wind making printed
images look dusty. Also called crocking.
- Champher
-
The effect of roughing on the cut edge of a finished product caused by
the product being trimmed with guillotine blades which are insufficiently
sharp.
- Chapter
-
The published version of an Act of
Parliament. Chapters run sequentially from 1 in each calendar year.
- Check Copy
-
1. Production copy of a publication verified by the
customer as printed, finished and bound correctly.
-
2. One
set of gathered book signatures approved by the customer as ready for binding.
See also
Pass
for Press,
OKTP
- CHI
-
Abbreviated term for Commission for Health
Improvement. A series of publications (average 3 per week year-round) styled
from electronic text by DTP, printed and finished in-house.
- Choke
-
Technique of slightly reducing the size of an
image to create a hairline trap or to outline. Also called shrink and
skinny.
- CIELab (L*a*b*)
-
A system of colour
measurement. L*a*b* measurements are the numerical representation of any
colour.
- Chroma
-
Strength of a colour as compared to
how close it seems to neutral grey. Also called depth, intensity, purity and
saturation.
- Clause
-
A single, numbered constituent
part of the main body of a Bill of either House of Parliament. Each clause will
deal with a specific part of the legislation being proposed.
- Close-up
-
A proof-reader's mark used to indicate closing space
between characters or words.
- CMYK
-
Abbreviation for
cyan, magenta, yellow and K (black), the four process colours.
- Coarse Screen
-
Halftone screen with a ruling of 65, 85 or 100
lines per inch.
- Coated Paper
-
Paper with a coating of
clay and other substances that improves reflectivity and ink holdout. Mills
produce coated paper in the four major categories: cast, gloss, dull and
matte.
- Cold-set Web
-
Web press without an oven to dry
ink, thus able to print on uncoated papers only. The Solnas are cold-set web
presses.
- Collate
-
To organise printed matter in a
specific order as requested.
- Collating Marks
-
Mostly
used in the bookwork field, specific marks on the back of signatures indicating
exact position in the collating stage. Also called binder's marks.
- Colour Balance
-
Refers to amounts of process colours that
simulate the colours of the original scene or photograph.
- Colour
Blanks
-
Press sheets printed with photos or illustrations, but
without type. Also called shells.
- Colour Break
-
In
multicolour printing, the point, line or space at which one ink colour stops
and another begins. Also called break for colour.
- Colour
Cast
-
Unwanted colour affecting an entire image or portion of an
image.
- Colour Control Bar
-
Strip of small blocks of
colour on a proof or press sheet to help evaluate features such as density and
dot gain. *Also called colour bar, colour guide and standard offset colour bar.
*
- Colour Correct
-
To adjust the relationship among
the process colours to achieve desirable colours.
- Colour
Curves
-
Instructions in computer software that allow users to
change or correct colours. Also called HLS and HVS tables.
- Colour Gamut
-
The entire range of hues possible to reproduce
using a specific device, such as a computer screen, or system, such as
four-colour process printing.
- Colour Model
-
Way of
categorising and describing the infinite array of colours found in nature.
- Colour Separation
-
1. Technique of using a camera,
scanner or computer to divide continuous-tone colour images into four halftone
negatives.
-
2. The product resulting from colour separating
and subsequent four-colour process printing. *Also called separation. *
- Colour Sequence
-
Order in which inks are printed. The
sequence can have an effect on final printed colours. *Also called laydown
sequence and rotation. *
- Colour Shift
-
Change in
image colour resulting from changes in register, ink densities or dot gain
during four-colour process printing.
- Colour Transparency
-
Film (transparent) used as art to perform colour separations.
- Comb Bind
-
To bind by inserting the teeth of a
flexible plastic comb through holes punched along the edge of a stack of paper.
Also called plastic bind and GBC bind (a brand name).
- Command Paper
-
Publication carrying Crown copyright which is
produced to a specific order of Parliament. Command Papers will be sponsored by
one or more government departments and will centre around a specific
investigation or report.
- Committee
-
1. Body of either
House of Parliament selected to debate a specific matter.
-
2.
Generic name given to the publication of the transcript of a days debate.
- Commons
-
1. The lower House of Parliament.
-
2. Generic name for a daily part of Hansard containing transcript of a day's
debate.
- Composite Proof
-
Proof of colour separations
in position with graphics and type. Also called final proof, imposition
proof and stripping proof.
- Composition
-
1. In
typography, the assembly of typographic elements, such as words and paragraphs,
into pages ready for printing.
2. In graphic design, the arrangement of
type, graphics and other elements on the page.
- Condition
-
To keep paper in the pressroom for a few hours or days before printing
so that its moisture level and temperature equal that in the pressroom.
Also called cure, mature and season.
- Continuous-tone
Copy
-
All photographs and those illustrations having a range of
shades not made up of dots, as compared to line copy or halftones.
- Contrast
-
The degree of tones in an image ranging from
highlight to shadow.
- Cover
-
Thick paper that protects
a publication and advertises its title. Parts of covers are often described as
follows: Cover 1 = outside front; Cover 2 = inside front; Cover 3 = inside
back, Cover 4 = outside back.
- Coverage
-
Extent to
which ink covers the surface of a substrate. Ink coverage is usually expressed
as light, medium or heavy.
- Cover Paper
-
Category of
thick paper used for products such as posters, menus, folders and covers of
paperback books.
- Crash
-
Coarse cloth embedded in the
glue along the spine of a book to increase strength of binding. Also called
gauze, mull and scrim.
- Creep
-
Phenomenon of
middle pages of a folded signature extending slightly beyond outside pages.
Also called feathering, outpush, push out and thrust.
See also
Shingling.
- Crop Marks
-
Lines near the edges of an image indicating
portions to be reproduced. Also called cut marks and tick marks.
- Crossover
-
Type or art that continues from one page of a book
or magazine across the gutter to the opposite page. Also called bridge,
gutter bleed and gutter jump.
- Cure
-
1. To dry
inks, varnishes or other coatings after printing to ensure good adhesion and
prevent setoff.
-
2. To acclimatise paper in the press room
prior to printing.
- Customer Complaint
-
Complaint
raised by customer regarding poor product or inadequate service received from
Parliamentary Press. Registered into Quality Database and investigated by
relevant Head of Department. Outcome is fed back to source.
- Customer Copy
-
The data (text, images etc), which form the
content of a publication as presented to the press for production. Customer
Copy may be supplied in manuscript, hard copy or electronic formats. Also
called copy and Author's Copy.
- Customer Service Executive
(CSE)
-
Member of the Planning team who co-ordinates projects and
keeps customers informed.
- Cut-off
-
Circumference of
the impression cylinder of a web press, therefore also the length of the
printed sheet that the press cuts from the roll of paper.
- Cut
Sheet
-
Generic name given to the OCE 4040 cut sheet digital
press.
- Cut Sizes
-
Paper sizes used with office
machines and small presses.
- Cutting Machine
-
A
machine that cuts stacks of paper to desired sizes. The machine can also be
used in scoring or creasing.
- Cutting Die
-
Usually a
custom ordered item to trim specific and unusual sized printing projects.
- Cyan
-
One of the four process colours. Also called
process blue.